雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区河流形态特征及其意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄文星  王国灿  王岸  曹树钊  曹凯 《地质通报》2013,32(1):130-140

为探讨雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区区域隆升的特点,通过DEM(数字高程模型)和遥感影像提取雅鲁藏布江干流和帕隆藏布江的形态特征,引入Hack剖面、SL参数和Amos河宽理论模型进行分析。雅鲁藏布江干流在大渡卡以下河段的Hack剖面表现为上凸形态,SL参数升高、河流宽度减小,在藏布巴东瀑布-雅鲁藏布江大拐弯顶端段,SL参数达到最大值,河流宽度达到最小值;大拐弯顶端以下河段,SL参数减小,河流渐宽。帕隆藏布江古乡以下河段SL参数梯级增高,河流宽度总体收窄,大拐弯顶端附近达到最大值。综合2条河流的地貌特征和区域地质与地理背景,认为雅鲁藏布江大拐弯地区的隆升具有不均一性,雅鲁藏布江在大渡卡附近开始进入快速隆升区段,隆升最强烈的区段位于藏布巴东瀑布-大拐弯顶端段,大拐弯顶端之后雅鲁藏布江逐渐远离隆升中心区。  相似文献   

四川邻水华蓥山大峡谷地质公园地质遗迹资源体系及地学意义     

罗培  秦子晗  孙传敏 《地球学报》2013,34(6):738-748

华蓥山大峡谷地质公园是以峡谷、构造和岩溶地貌为代表的风景地貌类地质公园。本文以华蓥山大峡谷地质公园地质遗迹景观资源为基础, 以川东褶皱带构造单元、川东平行岭谷地貌单元和上扬子地层分区的部分地层区域为研究视角, 构建华蓥山大峡谷地质公园地质遗迹资源体系——包括地质(体、层)剖面、古生物活动遗迹、地貌景观、水体景观以及环境地质遗迹5个大类、15个类共100多处地质遗迹景点; 通过对各类地质遗迹的特征进行分析, 对前人研究进行总结, 探讨了地质公园地质遗迹重要的地学意义。研究表明, 华蓥山大峡谷地质遗迹在地质构造、地层、岩溶学、水文地质学以及地貌学等领域具有重要的科学价值。  相似文献   

美国科罗拉多河高速水流实验对下游水生生态系统的影响及启示     

袁文洁  潘明麒  于秀波 《湿地科学与管理》2012,8(2):49-53

科罗拉多河的适应性管理处于世界领先水平。美国为研究格伦峡谷大坝对下游水生生态系统的影响而进行了3次高速水流实验,取得了显著的生态效益,也积累了许多宝贵经验。分析显示,利益相关方参与是该实验成功的体制保障,跟踪监测与评估是实验成功的技术保障,闸坝适应性调度是河流保护与管理的有效手段。该实验的实施过程和效果对我国闸坝调度有许多有益的启示。例如,对下游水生生物和湿地生态系统的保护应作为闸坝调度的目标之一,应加强闸坝适应性调度的实验和研究,促进利益相关方参与河流保护与管理。  相似文献   

Superposed deformation straddling the continental-oceanic transition in deep-water Angola   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C. Cramez  M. P. A. Jackson   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2000,17(10)

The Angolan margin is the type area for raft tectonics. New seismic data reveal the contractional buffer for this thin-skinned extension. A 200-km-long composite section from the Lower Congo Basin and Kwanza Basin illustrates a complex history of superposed deformation caused by: (1) progradation of the margin; and (2) episodic Tertiary epeirogenic uplift. Late Cretaceous tectonics was driven by a gentle slope created by thermal subsidence; extensional rafting took place updip, contractional thrusting and buckling downdip; some distal folds were possibly unroofed to form massive salt walls. Oligocene deformation was triggered by gentle kinking of the Atlantic Hinge Zone as the shelf and coastal plain rose by 2 or 3 km; relative uplift stripped Paleogene cover off the shelf, provided space for Miocene progradation, and steepened the continental slope, triggering more extension and buckling. In the Neogene, a subsalt half graben was inverted or reactivated, creating keystone faults that may have controlled the Congo Canyon; a thrust duplex of seaward-displaced salt jacked up the former abyssal plain, creating a plateau of salt 3–4 km thick on the present lower slope. The Angola Escarpment may be the toe of the Angola thrust nappe, in which a largely Cretaceous roof of gently buckled strata, was transported seawards above the thickened salt by up to 20 km.  相似文献   

台湾峡谷HD133柱状样中重力流、底流交互沉积的证据     

徐尚  王英民  彭学超  邱燕  李卫国 《地质学报》2012,86(11):1792-1798

在台湾峡谷水深3284 m处全长699 cm的HD133柱状样中共识别出1个厚沙层（厚127 cm）和8个薄沙层（单层厚度8-15 cm）,这些沙层中含大量浅水底栖有孔虫,反映其为来自浅水区的陆源物质以重力流方式形成的沉积物。然而,单用重力流无法对这些沙层的成因作出合理的解释：该样中的厚沙层以中沙为主,平均粒径范围1-2Φ,薄沙层以粉沙-细沙为主,平均粒径范围3-4Φ;沙层的分选系数小于2.5,局部接近于1,分选好-极好,长石/石英比值低,具有很高的结构成熟度和成分成熟度;在粒度特征上,其频率分布曲线为单峰,累积概率曲线为2-3段式,在C-M图上厚沙层的样点落在牵引流区域;特别是在垂向序列上,沙层顶底呈突变接触;以上特征均表现为明显的牵引流特征。此外,在柱状样中发现含有太平洋深层水所特有的底栖有孔虫Bulimina aculeata、Planulina wuellerstorfi、Eggerella bradyi种类,且大量生物壳呈棱角状破碎,表明该样在沉积过程中受到太平洋深层水的入侵,这些证据支持了前人关于研究区内可能发育活跃的底流作用的推断。综合分析认为HD133柱状样中的沙层是重力流和底流交互作用的产物。  相似文献   

Scattering of Plane P Waves by Circular-arc Canyon Topography:High-frequency Solution     

Yang Caihong 《中国地震研究》2010,24(2):155-166

Through the Fourier-Bessel series expansion of wave functions,the analytical solution to the two-dimensional scattering problem of incidental plane P waves by circular-arc canyon topography with different depth-to-width ratio is deduced.Unlike other existing analytical solutions,in order to ensure that the analytical solution is valid for higher frequency incident waves,the asymptotic properties of cylindrical functions are in this paper introduced to directly determine the unknown coefficients of scattering waves,avoiding the solution of linear equation systems and corresponding numerical issues,which in turn expand the frequency band in which the analytical solution is valid.Comparison with other existing analytical solutions demonstrates that the proposed analytical solution is correct.Furthermore,the scattering effects of a circular-arc canyon on the incident plane P wave are analyzed in a comparatively broad frequency band.  相似文献   

Sedimentary labile organic carbon and pore water redox control on species distribution of benthic foraminifera: A case study from Lisbon-Setúbal Canyon (southern Portugal)     

K.A. Koho  R. García  E. Epping  T.J. Kouwenhoven 《Progress in Oceanography》2008,79(1):55-82

Rose Bengal stained benthic foraminifera were studied from 11 cores collected along two depth transects off southern Portugal: one in the Lisbon-Setúbal Canyon and the other along the canyon edge. The total standing stocks and distribution of foraminifera were investigated in relation to sediment and pore water geochemistry. Nitrate was used as a redox indicator, sedimentary chlorophyll a and CPE (chloroplastic pigment equivalents) contents as a measure of labile organic matter, and total organic carbon as a measure of bulk organic matter availability.The canyon sediments were enriched in organic carbon and phytopigments at all water depths in comparison with the canyon edge. Water depth seemed to control sedimentary phytopigment content, but not total organic carbon. No significant correlation was seen between pigment and total organic carbon content.The abundance of calcareous foraminifera correlated with the phytodetritus content, whereas a weaker correlation was observed for the agglutinated taxa. Therefore, calcareous foraminifera appear to require a fresher food input than agglutinated taxa. The foraminiferal species composition also varied with pigment content and nitrate penetration depth in the sediment, in line with the TROX concept. Phytopigment-rich (surficial CPE content >20 μg/cm³) sediments with a shallow nitrate penetration depth (∼1 cm depth) were inhabited by generally infaunal species such as Chilostomella oolina, Melonis barleeanus and Globobulimina spp. As the nitrate penetration increased to ∼2 cm depth in sediment and the pigment content remained relatively high (>15 μg/cm³), Uvigerina mediterranea and Uvigerina elongatastriata became dominant species. With declining CPE content and increasing nitrate penetration depth, the foraminiferal assemblages changed from the mesotrophic Cibicides kullenbergi-Uvigerina peregrina assemblage to the oligotrophic abyssal assemblage, mainly consisting of agglutinated taxa.  相似文献   

Secondary production of Ampelisca mississippiana Soliman and Wicksten 2007 (Amphipoda, Crustacea) in the head of the Mississippi Canyon, northern Gulf of Mexico     

Y.S. Soliman  G.T. Rowe 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(24-26):2692

Annual production was calculated for the dominant ampeliscid amphipod Ampelisca mississippiana [Soliman, Y., Wicksten, M., 2007. Ampelisca mississippiana a new species (Amphipoda: Gammaredea) dominated the head of the Mississippi Canyon (Northern Gulf of Mexico). Zootaxa, submitted] at the head of the Mississippi Canyon in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Average densities were 12,094±2499 ind m⁻², with secondary production of 6.93 g dry wt m⁻² yr⁻¹, based on the “size-frequency method” [Hynes-Hamilton, H.B.N., Coleman, M., 1968. A simple method for assessing the annual production of stream benthos. Limnology and Oceanography 13, 569–573; Menzies, C.A., 1980. A note on the Hynes-Hamilton method of estimating secondary production. Limnology and Oceanography 25(4), 770–773], with a production/biomass (P/B) ratio of 3.11. Growth rates of this magnitude are comparable to available data for freshwater and shallow marine ampeliscids, but are unexpectedly high for deep-ocean habitats. Growth efficiency appeared to be approximately 35% (Growth/Assimilation×100).  相似文献   

Community Structure of Soft-Bottom Macrobenthos of the Newport Submarine Canyon, California     

D. Maurer  G. Robertson  T. Gerlinger 《Marine Ecology》1995,16(1):57-72

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Hillslope coupled stream morphology,flow conditions,and their effects on detrital sedimentology in Garnet Canyon,Teton Range,Wyoming     

Lisa M.Tranel 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(4):1193-1202

Characterizing stream erosion in any steep mountain landscape is arduous, but the challenge level increases when the stream flows through a glaciated catchment frequently modified by hillslope debris.Glacial landforms and stochastic mass wasting in alpine systems may interfere with sediment delivery to downstream sites where detrital sediments are often collected to represent upstream bedrock sources.To use detrital sediments as indicators of erosion, we need to understand potential sediment accumulation in flat glaciated reaches or behind rockfall barriers. This study investigates the stream channel in Garnet Canyon, a glaciated catchment located in the central Teton Range, to describe hillslope coupled channel morphology and the subsequent effects on sediment transport throughout the catchment.Stream cross-section surveys and sediment size measurements of the surface bedload were collected in the field within a glacially flattened segment of Garnet Canyon. Calculations of shear stress conditions allowed evaluation of the importance of mineral densities on potential grain entrainment. The length of the Garnet Canyon stream observed in this study was coupled with hillslope deposits. Critical shear stresses were sufficient to move gravel-sized sediments through all sections when calculated with quartz mineral density and through most sections when applying apatite mineral density. These results verify the application of detrital sediments to evaluate erosion rates or spatial bedrock sources because snowmelt stream flow efficiently moves entrained sediment past glacially reduced slopes and potential talus barriers.  相似文献